NBS and DRL Based Dual-Stage Spectrum Allocation Technique for the IoE Network 


Vol. 15,  No. 2, pp. 85-94, Feb.  2026
https://doi.org/10.3745/TKIPS.2026.15.2.85


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  Abstract

This study proposes a novel wireless spectrum allocation method aimed at ensuring smooth sharing of limited spectrum resources, minimizing data latency, and enabling efficient data transmission. The Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS) is a mathematical approach that fairly distributes limited resources while maximizing the benefits for all negotiating parties. Additionally, reinforcement learning provides a method to efficiently allocate spectrum by learning network conditions and demand variations in dynamic environments, thereby minimizing resource waste and optimizing network performance. To address this issue, the proposed method employs a two-stage control mechanism that leverages the concepts of the Nash Bargaining Solution and the Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) reinforcement learning algorithm. In the first stage, spectrum pricing is dynamically determined, and spectrum allocation is performed based on the Nash Bargaining Solution. In the second stage, individual IoE devices select their spectrum requests through deep reinforcement learning. Through sequential interactions among intelligent IoE devices, the proposed two-stage control approach explores synergies to optimize the spectrum allocation process. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the jointly designed control method effectively guides individual devices to select cooperative strategies beneficial to overall system efficiency. The method outperforms existing protocols in terms of service delay, network throughput, and fairness among devices.

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[IEEE Style]

S. W. Gi and K. S. Wook, "NBS and DRL Based Dual-Stage Spectrum Allocation Technique for the IoE Network," The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 85-94, 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3745/TKIPS.2026.15.2.85.

[ACM Style]

Shim Woong Gi and Kim Sung Wook. 2026. NBS and DRL Based Dual-Stage Spectrum Allocation Technique for the IoE Network. The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society, 15, 2, (2026), 85-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3745/TKIPS.2026.15.2.85.

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