Hierarchical Watermarking Technique Combining Error Correction Codes 


Vol. 13,  No. 10, pp. 481-491, Oct.  2024
https://doi.org/10.3745/TKIPS.2024.13.10.481


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  Abstract

Digital watermarking is a technique for embedding information into digital content. Digital watermarking has attracted attention as a technique to combat piracy and identify artificially generated content, but it is still not robust in various situations. In this paper, we propose a frequency conversion-based hierarchical watermarking technique capable of attack detection, error correction, and owner identification. By embedding attack detection and error correction signatures in hierarchical watermarking, the proposed scheme maintains invisibility and outperforms the existing methods in capacity and robustness. We also proposed a framework to evaluate the performance of the image quality and error correction according to the type of error correction signature and the number of signature embeddings. We compared the visual quality and error correction performance of the conventional model without error correction signature and the conventional model with hamming and BCH signatures. We compared the quality by the number of signature embeddings and found that the quality deteriorates as the number of embeddings increases but is robust to attacks. By analyzing the quality and error correction ability by error correction signature type, we found that hamming codes showed better error correction performance than BCH codes and 41.31% better signature restoration performance than conventional methods.

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[IEEE Style]

D. Kim, S. Park, I. Lee, "Hierarchical Watermarking Technique Combining Error Correction Codes," The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 481-491, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3745/TKIPS.2024.13.10.481.

[ACM Style]

Do-Eun Kim, So-Hyun Park, and Il-Gu Lee. 2024. Hierarchical Watermarking Technique Combining Error Correction Codes. The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society, 13, 10, (2024), 481-491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3745/TKIPS.2024.13.10.481.

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